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John Hope Franklin (January 2, 1915March 25, 2009) was an American historian of the United States and former president of Phi Beta Kappa, the Organization of American Historians, the American Historical Association, and the Southern Historical Association. Franklin is best known for his work ''From Slavery to Freedom'', first published in 1947, and continually updated. More than three million copies have been sold. In 1995, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor. ==Early life and education== Franklin was born in Rentiesville, Oklahoma in 1915 to attorney Buck (Charles) Colbert Franklin (1879-1957) and his wife Mollie (Parker) Franklin.〔("Obituary: John Hope Franklin" ), ''Charlotte Observer,''〕 He was named after John Hope, a prominent educator who was the first African-American president of Atlanta University.〔("John Hope (1868-1936)" ), ''New Georgia Encyclopedia'' online〕 Franklin's father Buck Colbert Franklin was a civil rights lawyer, aka "Amazing Buck Franklin." He was of African-American and Choctaw ancestry and born in the Chickasaw Nation in western Indian Territory (formerly Pickens County). He was the seventh of ten children born to David and Milley Franklin. David was a former slave, who became a Chickasaw Freedman when emancipated after the American Civil War. Milley was born free before the war and was of one-fourth Choctaw and three-fourths African-American ancestry. Buck Franklin became a lawyer. Buck Franklin is best known for defending African-American survivors of the 1921 Tulsa race riot, in which whites had attacked many blacks and buildings, and burned and destroyed the Greenwood District. This was known at the time as the "Black Wall Street", and was the wealthiest Black community in the United States, a center of black commerce and culture.〔John Hope Franklin, John Whittington Franklin, editors, ''My Life and an Era: The Autobiography of Buck Colbert Franklin'', Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1997〕 Franklin and his colleagues also became experts at oil law, representing "blacks and Native Americans in Oklahoma against white lawyers representing oil barons."〔(J. Clay Smith, Jr. "Review: 'My Life and an Era: The Autobiography of Buck Colbert Franklin' by John Hope Franklin; John Whittington Franklin; Buck Colbert Franklin" ), ''Law and History Review,'' Vol. 17, No. 1, Spring 1999, accessed 26 November 2014 〕 His career demonstrated a strong professional black life in the West, at a time when such accomplishments would have been more difficult to achieve in the Deep South.〔 John Hope Franklin graduated from Booker T. Washington High School (then segregated) in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He graduated in 1935 from Fisk University, a historically black university in Nashville, Tennessee, then earned a master's in 1936 and a doctorate in history in 1941 from Harvard University.〔(Hannah Atkins, "Franklin, John Hope (1915-2009)," ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''. ) Accessed May 1, 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Hope Franklin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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